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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”; ]7 q2 d U& ^
上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:
4 |! A& P) z" n! I “They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
% x5 N4 R# k& o8 @0 H; c3 q, T7 E 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:
* J' l- D+ H. S# U/ p “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”+ q7 p7 @0 u$ O: C0 G9 N4 E7 l
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。- L5 W# J9 k+ @+ c* D+ b! k3 z( o' u0 c
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。
( l+ j: T: V" t; l2 J" b- D# ~ Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
8 a K3 S j6 w Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:( F7 A/ q! r6 G7 p+ i
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.
6 I% o' `' z9 Y* T9 H" }( \, z ② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
1 ], Z. }4 E5 V( h/ A1 f3 |( m0 E Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
; ^* n6 Q7 W/ }& k$ H. d! [. T( ~" H But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:
9 _. e# W0 G2 Y/ y; S7 [ ③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.$ G! H7 o3 O# B$ y& }
④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.1 |9 g% V. }5 {0 ]: P6 ~5 f; X
Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:6 N5 |6 r6 _5 f4 x9 S
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
# w, Q7 g# _. |- v ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.+ r6 c% W3 t2 v" k
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.- Z% o3 d9 {4 @+ ]; g
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”: z/ U) m- ]7 c n* H( }
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
: w2 m$ o1 j0 }5 P8 L ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.# E* Z% P( S( [ O1 P0 _5 x
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.6 i! U* n7 I3 s9 R
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:
9 `5 \% x3 E8 Z) F For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:
4 _8 @/ S; T% ]/ W! r; b6 l ⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".1 u2 V0 `0 w7 _6 X% z3 D" Y
Ⅵ表示“结束”:& ~) }( t) ]7 P2 Q% C r
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
4 y( ~1 w: [- A( b# |) o ⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not. Q, R5 @5 M6 h6 [+ [9 a/ s
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